Farxiga (dapagliflozin) is an oral medication primarily used to: 1. Manage Type 2 Diabetes Mechanism: It’s an SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2) inhibitor. It works by blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, causing excess sugar to be excreted in urine. Effect: Lowers blood sugar levels, reduces HbA1c, and promotes weight loss (typically 2–4 kg). 2. Protect Heart & Kidneys (Key Long-Term Benefits) - Heart Failure - Approved to reduce hospitalization and death in adults with heart failure (both with and without diabetes). - Improves heart function and symptoms like fatigue/swelling. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - Slows kidney damage progression and lowers risk of kidney failure/dialysis in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients. Cardiovascular Protection: - Reduces risk of hear...
Metformin is generally considered safe for long-term use, but it can have several effects on the body over time. Here are some key long-term effects: Long-Term Effects of Metformin 1. Gastrointestinal Issues - Some people experience nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort, though these often subside over time. 2. Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Long-term use can reduce B12 absorption, leading to deficiency (fatigue, neuropathy, anemia). Regular monitoring and supplementation may be needed. 3. Lactic Acidosis (Rare but Serious) - A very rare risk in people with kidney impairment or severe liver disease. 4. Possible Kidney Function Impact - Metformin is cleared by the kidneys, so dosage may need adjustment in renal impairment (though it doesn’t directly harm kidneys). 5. Weight Stabilization or Mild Loss - Often promotes modest weight loss or prevents wei...